Actinic cheilitis in rural workers: prevalence and associated factors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis in rural workers and factors associated with the development of this condition. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a city in Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by clinical examination and use of a questionnaire validated with 300 rural workers. The χ2 test was employed to identify possible associations between the presence of actinic cheilitis and clinical and demographic variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise selection. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of actinic cheilitis was 12.0% in the sample. The highest prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed in white males, with low educational level, and an approximately 40-year history of sun exposure. Chronic lesions were commonly found in the lower lip and were characterized by scaling, dryness, and mild edema. Skin color, sex, educational level of patients, and cumulative sun exposure (in years), were identified as predictors of development of actinic cheilitis. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the need to implement educational health strategies aimed to orient the population about risk factors and preventive measures of the disease. Appropriate clinical management of patients with actinic cheilitis is important for prevention of lip cancer.

Actinic cheilitis in rural workers: prevalence and associated factors

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence of actinic cheilitis in rural workers and factors associated with the development of this condition. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in a city in Northeastern Brazil. Data were collected by clinical examination and use of a questionnaire validated with 300 rural workers. The χ2 test was employed to identify possible associations between the presence of actinic cheilitis and clinical and demographic variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using forward stepwise selection. A p value of 0.05 was considered significant. Results The prevalence of actinic cheilitis was 12.0% in the sample. The highest prevalence of actinic cheilitis was observed in white males, with low educational level, and an approximately 40-year history of sun exposure. Chronic lesions were commonly found in the lower lip and were characterized by scaling, dryness, and mild edema. Skin color, sex, educational level of patients, and cumulative sun exposure (in years), were identified as predictors of development of actinic cheilitis. Conclusion Our results suggest the need to implement educational health strategies aimed to orient the population about risk factors and preventive measures of the disease. Appropriate clinical management of patients with actinic cheilitis is important for prevention of lip cancer.

Violência intrafamiliar: conhecimento e conduta dos cirurgiões-dentistas de Caicó (RN) / Intrafamily violence: knowledge and conduct of dentists from Caicó (RN)

Introdução: A violência intrafamiliar é amplamente identificada como negligência e abuso de crianças e adolescentes; violência doméstica contra mulheres, maus-tratos de idosos e de pessoas portadoras de deficiência. É dever ético-legal dos cirurgiões-dentistas realizarem a notificação compulsória frente a esses casos. Objetivo: Verificar o conhecimento e a conduta dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre a violência intrafamiliar no município de Caicó-RN, Brasil. Material e Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, e com abordagem quantitativa. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 66 cirurgiões-dentistas do município de Caicó-RN. A coleta dos dados foi realizada através da aplicação do questionário adaptado já validado por Mythri (2015). A análise dos dados se deu por estatística descritiva. Resultados: 53% (n=35) dos cirurgiões-dentistas afirmaram ter atendido vítimas de violência intrafamiliar. Dentre os quais, apenas 37,9% questionaram aos seus pacientes sobre os motivos da violência. A conduta do cirurgião-dentista mais citada frente à casos de violência, foi aconselhamento. Pode-se apontar que 87,9% dos profissionais afirmaram conhecer os sinais, sintomas e lesões orofaciais decorrentes da violência intrafamiliar e o mais relatado foi o hematoma. Os profissionais demonstraram ser cientes da localização anatômica das agressões da violência intrafamiliar na região de atuação do profissional da Odontologia. Conclusão: Os cirurgiões-dentistas possuem conhecimento satisfatório no que diz respeito ao reconhecimento dos sinais e sintomas decorrentes das lesões orofaciais causadas pela violência intrafamiliar. Porém, no que se referem a como proceder diante dos casos, as suas condutas se mostram insuficientes e contraditórias.

Introduction: Intrafamily violence widely identified as the neglect and the abuse of children and adolescents, domestic violence against women, abuse of the elderly and people with disabilities. It is the ethical-legal duty of the dentists to carry out compulsory notification in these cases. Objective: To verify the knowledge and the conduct of dentists about intrafamily violence in the municipality of Caicó-RN, Brazil. Material and Methods: cross-seccional, descriptive study with a quantitative approach. The study's sample consisted og 66 dentists from the municipality of Caicó-RN. Data collection took place through the application of questions adapted from the validated questionnaire by Mythri (205). Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. Results: 53% of dentists said they had seen victims of intrafamily violence whose only 37.9% asked their patients about the reasons for the violence. The dentist's most cited conduct, face of a violence case was the counseling. It can be pointed out that 87.9% of the professionals claimed to know the signs, symptoms and orofacial injuries resulting from intrafamily violence and most of them reported it was the hematoma. The professionals demonstrated to be aware about the anatomic location of the aggressions of intrafamily violence that it was in the region where Dentistry professionals work. Conclusion: Dentists have satisfactory knowledge regarding the recognition of signs and symptoms resulting from orofacial injuries caused by intrafamily violence. However, regarding how to proceed in that cases, their conduct was insufficient and contradictory.

Immunohistochemical expression of OCT4 and CD44 in major and minor salivary gland neoplasms.

The aim of this study was to identify tumor parenchyma cells exhibiting immunohistochemical profile of stem cells by evaluating the immunoreactivity of OCT4 and CD44 in a number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms. The sample consisted of 20 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas located in major and minor salivary glands. The expression of OCT4 and CD44 was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of expression. All studied cases showed positive expression of OCT4 and CD44 and higher values than the control groups. For OCT4, luminal and non-luminal cells were immunostained in the case of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of CD44 was particularly evident in the non-luminal cells of these lesions. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, there was immunoreactivity for both markers in squamous and intermediate cells and absence of staining in mucous cells. For both markers, a significantly higher immunostaining was verified in neoplasms located in the major salivary glands compared with lesions in minor salivary glands (p<0.001). In the total sample and in minor salivary glands, malignant neoplasms exhibited higher immunoreactivity for OCT4 than pleomorphic adenoma. A significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.444 and p ≤ 0.001) was found between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpression in the total sample. The high expression of OCT4 and CD44 may indicate that these proteins play an important role in identifying tumor stem cells.

Immunohistochemical expression of OCT4 and CD44 in major and minor salivary gland neoplasms

Abstract The aim of this study was to identify tumor parenchyma cells exhibiting immunohistochemical profile of stem cells by evaluating the immunoreactivity of OCT4 and CD44 in a number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms. The sample consisted of 20 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas, and 20 adenoid cystic carcinomas located in major and minor salivary glands. The expression of OCT4 and CD44 was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells and the intensity of expression. All studied cases showed positive expression of OCT4 and CD44 and higher values than the control groups. For OCT4, luminal and non-luminal cells were immunostained in the case of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinomas. Moreover, the immunoreactivity of CD44 was particularly evident in the non-luminal cells of these lesions. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas, there was immunoreactivity for both markers in squamous and intermediate cells and absence of staining in mucous cells. For both markers, a significantly higher immunostaining was verified in neoplasms located in the major salivary glands compared with lesions in minor salivary glands (p<0.001). In the total sample and in minor salivary glands, malignant neoplasms exhibited higher immunoreactivity for OCT4 than pleomorphic adenoma. A significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.444 and p ≤ 0.001) was found between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpression in the total sample. The high expression of OCT4 and CD44 may indicate that these proteins play an important role in identifying tumor stem cells.

Análise da imunoexpressão de OCT4 e CD44 em neoplasias de glândulas salivares menores e maiores / Immunohistochemical analysis of OCT4 and CD44 in minor salivary gland neoplasms and higher

As neoplasias de glândulas salivares exibem uma ampla variedade de comportamento biológico e grande diversidade morfológica, e esta heterogeneidade inerente a este grupo de tumores suscita o interesse em pesquisar estas lesões. As células-tronco são a principal fonte para a geração e manutenção da diversidade celular e homeostase do tecido, distúrbios na regulação destas células podem levar à produção de células-tronco alteradas, denominadas de células-tronco tumorais, que possuem potencial proliferativo e capazes de originar e/ou manter o tumor. Pesquisas acerca das células-tronco tumorais e das proteínas a elas associadas em algumas neoplasias orais têm sido desenvolvidas, no entanto, o papel destas em neoplasias de glândulas salivares não está ainda bem estabelecido. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar células do parênquima tumoral que expressam marcadores de células-tronco tumorais, através da avaliação da imunoexpressão do OCT4 e CD44, em uma série de casos de neoplasias de glândulas salivares. A amostra foi constituída por 20 adenomas pleomórficos, 20 carcinomas mucoepidermóides e 20 carcinomas adenóides císticos localizados nas glândulas salivares menores e maiores. Todos os casos estudados exibiram expressão positiva para OCT4 e CD44, sendo observado que para ambos marcadores, as neoplasias localizadas nas glândulas salivares maiores exibiram maior imunomarcação quando comparada com as lesões das glândulas salivares menores apresentando diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=<0,001). Na amostra total e no grupo das glândulas salivares menores, as neoplasias malignas exibiram maior imunorreatividade para OCT4 do que o adenoma pleomórfico. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferenças estatisticamente significativas de imunoexpressões entre as lesões e entre suas classificações/gradações histomorfológicas. Analisando a correlação entre as imunoexpressões de OCT4 e CD44 foi observada uma correlação positiva moderada (r=0,444) com significância estatística entre os mesmos. A elevada expressão de OCT4 e CD44 pode indicar que estas proteínas desempenham papel importante na identificação de células-tronco tumorais, permitindo uma previsão do comportamento biológico das neoplasias de glândula salivar, apresentando níveis menores em tumores benignos e maiores nos tumores malignos.

Salivary gland neoplasms exhibit a wide variety of biological behavior and a high morphological diversity raises the interest in researching these lesions. The stem cells are the main source for the generation and maintenance of cell diversity, disorders in the regulation of these cells can lead to the production of altered stem cells, termed cancer stem cells capable of generate the tumor. Researches on cancer stem cells and associated proteins have been developed in some oral cancers; however, their role in salivary gland neoplasms is not well established. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the tumor parenchyma cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics, by evaluating the immunoreactivity of OCT4 and CD44, in a number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms. The sample consisted of 20 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma located in minor and major salivary glands. The expression of OCT4 and CD44 was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), it is realized the sum of the scores, resulting in the total score immunostaining (PIT) ranging 0-7. All studied cases showed positive expression of OCT4 and CD44 and higher values than the control groups. It was observed that for OCT4 luminal cells and non-luminal were immunostained in the case of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Already the immunoreactivity of CD44 was particularly evident in the non-luminal cells of these lesions. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas for both markers, there was immunoreactivity in squamous and intermediate cells and absence of staining mucous cells. For both markers, a statistically significant higher immunostaining was verified in neoplasms located in the major salivary glands compared with lesions in the minor salivary (p<0.001). At the total sample and in the group of minor salivary glands, malignant neoplasms exhibited higher immunoreactivity for OCT4 than pleomorphic adenoma. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the lesions and between their classifications histomorphologic. Analyzing the correlation between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpressions, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.444) was observed. The high expression of OCT4 and CD44 may indicate that these proteins play an important role in identifying cancer stem cells, allowing a prediction of biological behavior of salivary gland neoplasms.

Análise da imunoexpressão de OCT4 e CD44 em neoplasias de glândulas salivares menores e maiores / Immunohistochemical analysis of OCT4 and CD44 in minor salivary gland neoplasms and higher

As neoplasias de glândulas salivares exibem uma ampla variedade de comportamento biológico e grande diversidade morfológica, e esta heterogeneidade inerente a este grupo de tumores suscita o interesse em pesquisar estas lesões. As células-tronco são a principal fonte para a geração e manutenção da diversidade celular e homeostase do tecido, distúrbios na regulação destas células podem levar à produção de células-tronco alteradas, denominadas de células-tronco tumorais, que possuem potencial proliferativo e capazes de originar e/ou manter o tumor. Pesquisas acerca das células-tronco tumorais e das proteínas a elas associadas em algumas neoplasias orais têm sido desenvolvidas, no entanto, o papel destas em neoplasias de glândulas salivares não está ainda bem estabelecido. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi identificar células do parênquima tumoral que expressam marcadores de células-tronco tumorais, através da avaliação da imunoexpressão do OCT4 e CD44, em uma série de casos de neoplasias de glândulas salivares. A amostra foi constituída por 20 adenomas pleomórficos, 20 carcinomas mucoepidermóides e 20 carcinomas adenóides císticos localizados nas glândulas salivares menores e maiores.

Todos os casos estudados exibiram expressão positiva para OCT4 e CD44, sendo observado que para ambos marcadores, as neoplasias localizadas nas glândulas salivares maiores exibiram maior imunomarcação quando comparada com as lesões das glândulas salivares menores apresentando diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=<0,001). Na amostra total e no grupo das glândulas salivares menores, as neoplasias malignas exibiram maior imunorreatividade para OCT4 do que o adenoma pleomórfico. No entanto, não foi encontrada diferenças estatisticamente significativas de imunoexpressões entre as lesões e entre suas classificações/gradações histomorfológicas. Analisando a correlação entre as imunoexpressões de OCT4 e CD44 foi observada uma correlação positiva moderada (r=0,444) com significância estatística entre os mesmos. A elevada expressão de OCT4 e CD44 pode indicar que estas proteínas desempenham papel importante na identificação de células-tronco tumorais, permitindo uma previsão do comportamento biológico das neoplasias de glândula salivar, apresentando níveis menores em tumores benignos e maiores nos tumores malignos. (AU)

Salivary gland neoplasms exhibit a wide variety of biological behavior and a high morphological diversity raises the interest in researching these lesions. The stem cells are the main source for the generation and maintenance of cell diversity, disorders in the regulation of these cells can lead to the production of altered stem cells, termed cancer stem cells capable of generate the tumor. Researches on cancer stem cells and associated proteins have been developed in some oral cancers; however, their role in salivary gland neoplasms is not well established. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify the tumor parenchyma cells exhibiting stem cell characteristics, by evaluating the immunoreactivity of OCT4 and CD44, in a number of cases of salivary gland neoplasms. The sample consisted of 20 pleomorphic adenomas, 20 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 20 adenoid cystic carcinoma located in minor and major salivary glands. The expression of OCT4 and CD44 was evaluated by the percentage of positive cells (PP) and the intensity of expression (IE), it is realized the sum of the scores, resulting in the total score immunostaining (PIT) ranging 0-7. All studied cases showed positive expression of OCT4 and CD44 and higher values than the control groups. It was observed that for OCT4 luminal cells and non-luminal were immunostained in the case of pleomorphic adenomas and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Already the immunoreactivity of CD44 was particularly evident in the non-luminal cells of these lesions. In mucoepidermoid carcinomas for both markers, there was immunoreactivity in squamous and intermediate cells and absence of staining mucous cells.

For both markers, a statistically significant higher immunostaining was verified in neoplasms located in the major salivary glands compared with lesions in the minor salivary (p<0.001). At the total sample and in the group of minor salivary glands, malignant neoplasms exhibited higher immunoreactivity for OCT4 than pleomorphic adenoma. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the lesions and between their classifications histomorphologic. Analyzing the correlation between OCT4 and CD44 immunoexpressions, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation (r = 0.444) was observed. The high expression of OCT4 and CD44 may indicate that these proteins play an important role in identifying cancer stem cells, allowing a prediction of biological behavior of salivary gland neoplasms. (AU)

Prevalência e fatores associados a acidentes de trânsito com mototaxistas / Prevalencia y factores asociados a accidentes de tránsito con mototaxistas / Prevalence and factors associated with traffic accidents involving motorcycle taxis

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência de acidentes motociclísticos envolvendo mototaxistas e fatores associados. Método: estudo transversal e exploratório, com aplicação de questionários aos mototaxistas das 32 praças de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (N=420). Resultados: os mototaxistas têm alta carga horária de trabalho diária (12 horas em média) e foi verificado que 63,6% já se envolveram em pelo menos um acidente motociclístico. A ocorrência de acidentes motociclísticos foi associada significativamente apenas com escolaridade (p<0,001), não havendo associação significativa com as demais variáveis, tais como idade (p=0,132), tempo de serviço (p=0,744) e carga horária de trabalho (p=0,830). Conclusão: é necessário implementar ações preventivas e educativas com os mototaxistas e usuários do serviço acerca dos acidentes e condutas emergenciais, devido à constante exposição a acidentes durante sua rotina de trabalho.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia de accidentes motociclísticos involucrando mototaxistas y factores asociados. Método: estudio trasversal y exploratorio, con aplicación de cuestionarios a los mototaxistas de las 32 plazas de Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil (N=420). Resultados: los mototaxistas tienen alta carga horaria de trabajo diario (12 horas en media), y se verificó que 63,6% ya se involucraron en por lo menos un accidente motociclístico. La ocurrencia de accidentes motociclísticos se asoció significativamente apenas con escolaridad (p<0,001), no habiendo asociación significativa con las demás variables, tales como edad (p=0,123), tiempo de servicio (p=0,744) y carga horaria de trabajo (p=0,830). Conclusión: es necesario implementar acciones preventivas y educativas con los mototaxistas y usuarios del servicio acerca de los accidentes y conductas emergenciales, debido a la constante exposición a accidentes durante su rutina de trabajo.

ABSTRACT Objective: to determine the prevalence of motorcycle accidents involving motorcycle taxi drivers and associated factors. Method: this is a cross-sectional and exploratory study, with application of questionnaires to motorcycle taxi drivers of 32 regions of Caicó, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (N=420). Results: motorcycle taxi drivers have a high level of daily working hours (12 hours on average), and it was found that 63.6% were involved in at least one motorcycling accident. The occurence of motorcycling accidents was significantly associated only to level of education (p<0.001), with no significant association with the other variables, such as age (p=0.132), time of service (p=0.744) and working hours (p=0.830). Conclusion: it is necessary to implement preventive and educational actions with motorcycle taxi drivers and users of this service concerning accidents and emergency measures, due to constant exposure to accidents during work routine.